Cowsik's research interests include highly energetic phenomena in astrophysics, such as cosmic rays, pulsars, supernova remnants, gamma ray bursts, active-galactic nuclei and other such sources powered by accretion flows. He invented the 'leaky-box' and the 'nested-leaky box' models that are extensively used to interpret the observations of cosmic rays.

His current research efforts are primarily directed toward building an extremely sensitive torsion balance to probe possible violations of the inverse square law of gravity at sub-millimeter scales that are predicted by 'string-motivated' theories. He is also interested in several problems in high-energy astrophysics, dark matter and cosmology.

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